Eksistensi BASSRA Sebagai Institusi Pengawal Syariah di Madura: Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Islam Perspektif Ibnu Khaldun dan Living Law
Keywords:
BASSRA, Sociology of Law, Islamic Law, Kiai, MaduraAbstract
The dynamics of the sociology of Islamic law in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of ulama institutions that operate outside the formal structure of the state yet possess deeply rooted cultural legitimacy within society. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the existence of the Badan Silaturahmi Ulama Pesantren Madura (BASSRA) as an institution safeguarding Islamic law and maintaining social equilibrium on Madura Island. Employing the sociology of Islamic law framework developed by M. Atho' Mudzhar alongside Ibn Khaldun's theory of ʿAsabiyyah (social solidarity), the study explores the anatomy of kiai authority, the transformation of Islamic preaching (da'wah) models, and the dialectical relationship between Islamic law and public policy. Using a qualitative approach based on documentary analysis of scholarly literature and historical records, the study finds that BASSRA embodies the Madurese philosophical principle of Bhuppa'-Bhâbhu'-Ghuru-Rato, which positions the kiai (ghuru) as the central pillar of community legal obedience, thereby functioning as a manifestation of living law. Furthermore, BASSRA's ideological solidarity (ʿAsabiyyah) proved highly effective in resisting the developmental hegemony of Indonesia's New Order regime through its opposition to secular industrialization and its promotion of the "Development Guidelines" (Rambu-Rambu Pembangunan) based on the Three Wi Concept (Indonesiawi, Madurawi [Islamic], and Manusiawi [Humanistic]). A comparative analysis of Sumenep and Bangkalan Regencies further demonstrates that the pluralistic structure of kiai leadership constitutes an essential prerequisite for fostering harmony between Islam, democracy, and the effective implementation of Islamic law within the public sphere.
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