Balancing Rights and Obligations in Wifely Obedience: A Syafi’i and Human Rights Perspective
Keywords:
Wife Obedience, Shafi'i Fiqh, Human Rights, Maqashid Al-Shari'ah, Islamic Family LawAbstract
This study analyzes the tension between the concept of wife obedience in classical Shafi'i fiqh and the principle of gender equality in international human rights law. Employing a normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical and comparative qualitative approach, this research examines classical Shafi'i fiqh literature, international human rights instruments, and Indonesian legislation. The findings reveal that the concept of wife obedience in classical Shafi'i fiqh is hierarchical and subordinative in nature, reflecting the patriarchal structure of medieval Arab society. This concept conflicts with the principle of gender equality enshrined in the UDHR and CEDAW, which emphasizes a partnership of equals in marriage. In Indonesia, legal ambivalence arises from the fact that the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) continues to uphold the hierarchical concept of wife obedience despite Indonesia's ratification of CEDAW. This study proposes a reconceptualization through a maqashid al-shari'ah approach with a constructive synthesis built upon three pillars: equal partnership, deliberation in decision-making, and ta'awun-tarahum as a relational ethic. The implementation of this synthesis requires the reformulation of the KHI, reorientation of Religious Court decisions, public education, and a more contextually grounded reformulation of ijtihad methodology. This study contributes to the development of Islamic family law that is responsive to gender justice without compromising Islamic identity.
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