Prinsip Proporsionalitas dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Analisis Integratif Hukum Positif dan Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah
Keywords:
Principle of Proportionality, Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, Synchronization, Criminal Justice SystemAbstract
The principle of proportionality, which is founded on the balance between the interests of offenders, victims, and the State (society) through ensuring that the punishment imposed is proportionate to the gravity of the offence committed, constitutes a fundamental principle within the criminal justice system. This study aims to examine the existence of the principle of proportionality from the perspectives of positive law and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah within the criminal justice system. This research employs a normative juridical approach using statutory, case, and comparative approaches. The study relies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analysed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the principle of proportionality, viewed from the perspectives of positive law and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, plays a pivotal role in the criminal justice system, particularly in sentencing by taking into account both the objectives and the sentencing guidelines. Accordingly, the criminal justice system requires comprehensive synchronisation encompassing substantive, structural, and cultural dimensions to achieve the objectives of law by ensuring justice, legal certainty, and societal benefit for offenders, victims, and the State (society). Furthermore, the principle of proportionality should be systematically embedded within the framework of positive law, particularly criminal law, in accordance with the values of Pancasila as the philosophical foundation and way of life of the Indonesian nation. At the same time, it should reflect the ideals of Islamic law as embodied in Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, which represent the objectives and purposes of the law aimed at promoting universal public welfare (raḥmatan lil-'ālamīn). These objectives include the protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), intellect (ḥifẓ al-'aql), property (ḥifẓ al-māl), and lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), thereby establishing a symbiotic paradigm between positive law and Islamic legal philosophy.
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